Fairfield is a city in and the county seat of Solano County, California, in the North Bay sub-region of the San Francisco Bay Area. It is generally considered the midpoint between the cities of San Francisco and Sacramento, approximately 40 miles (64 km) from the city center of each city, approximately 40 miles (64 km) from the city center of Oakland, less than 19 miles (31 km) from Napa Valley, 16 miles (26 km) from the Carquinez Bridge, and 14 miles (23 km) from the Benicia Bridge. Fairfield was founded in 1856 by clippership captain Robert H. Waterman, and named after his former hometown of Fairfield, Connecticut.

It is the home of Travis Air Force Base and the headquarters of Jelly Belly. With a population of 119,881 at the 2020 census, it is slightly smaller in population than Vallejo. Other nearby cities include Suisun City, Vacaville, Rio Vista, Benicia, and Napa.

According to the City of Fairfield website, Native Americans, such as those from the Ion culture, settled in the Rockville and Green Valley areas. Artifacts that have been found from some of the earliest human inhabitants of the Fairfield area are dated to be around five to six thousand years old, making them some of the oldest Native American settlements in Northern California.

The first European contact came in 1810 when the Spanish army was ordered to attack the Suisun Indians. In 1835, the Mexican General Vallejo was so magnanimous in victory over the Indian Chief Sem Yeto that the chief later became his ally in conflicts against other tribes. In 1837, the Indian Chief Solano received the Rancho Suisun Mexican land grant. This grant eventually came into the hands of a clipper ship captain from Fairfield, Connecticut named Robert H. Waterman. He not only parceled out the town in 1856, but also entered Fairfield in the race for Solano County seat in 1858, and won it from Benicia. As an inducement, he granted 16 acres (6.5 ha) of land for the construction of county buildings. In 1903, Fairfield was incorporated as a city.

In 1967, City Manager B. Gale Wilson directed the City to construct a new Civic Center, which was completed in 1971.

In August 2020, parts of Fairfield were evacuated due to the LNU Lighting Complex Fires, which resulted in the burning of over 315,000 acres (127,476 ha) in five counties, including in nearby Vacaville.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 37.6 square miles (97 km), of which, 34.4 square miles (89 km²) of it is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km) of it is water. The total area is 5.65% water.

The city is located within the California Coastal Ranges. The city is centered directly north of the Suisun Bay and northeast of the San Pablo Bay. Much of the Suisun Bay contains the Suisun Marsh, the largest saltwater marsh on the west coast of the United States.

The city includes one hospital, NorthBay Medical Center, a 154-bed advanced medical facility that also features a level II Trauma Center.

Fairfield has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa). Summers have hot afternoons with cool nights with a lengthy dry period, whereas winters see frequent rainfall with mild to cool temperatures.

According to the 2020 United States Census, Fairfield had a population of 119,881. The population density was 2,882.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,112.9/km²). During the period between 2017 and 2021, on average, 3.16 people lived in a household. The racial makeup of Fairfield is 42.2% White, 15.9% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 17.7% Asian, 1.2% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 12.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 29.3%. Non-Hispanic White was 29.0%.

Approximately one-quarter of Fairfield's population is under the age of 18 (25.3%). People who were 65 years or older constituted 13.0% of the population.

The 2010 United States Census reported that Fairfield had a population of 105,322. The population density was 2,798.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,080.5/km²). The racial makeup of Fairfield was 48,407 (46.0%) White, 16,586 (15.7%) African American, 869 (0.8%) Native American, 15,700 (14.9%) Asian (9.1% Filipino, 1.8% Indian, 1.0% Chinese, 0.6% Vietnamese, 0.6% Japanese, 0.4% Korean, 0.3% Laotian, 0.2% Thai, 0.1% Pakistani), 1,149 (1.1%) Pacific Islander, 13,301 (12.6%) from other races, and 9,309 (8.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 28,789 persons (27.3%); 21.2% of Fairfield was Mexican, 1.1% Puerto Rican, 1.0% Salvadoran, 0.5% Nicaraguan, 0.3% Guatemalan, 0.2% Cuban, and 0.2% Peruvian.

The Census reported that 102,832 people (97.6% of the population) lived in households, 1,221 (1.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,268 (1.2%) were institutionalized.

There were 34,484 households, out of which 14,725 (42.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 18,461 (53.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 5,203 (15.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,179 (6.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,052 (6.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 237 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 6,802 households (19.7%) were made up of individuals, and 2,500 (7.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98. There were 25,843 families (74.9% of all households); the average family size was 3.42.

The population was spread out, with 28,499 people (27.1%) under the age of 18, 11,246 people (10.7%) aged 18 to 24, 28,917 people (27.5%) aged 25 to 44, 25,884 people (24.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 10,775 people (10.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males.

There were 37,184 housing units at an average density of 988.0 per square mile (381.5/km), of which 20,835 (60.4%) were owner-occupied, and 13,649 (39.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.1%. 61,652 people (58.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 41,180 people (39.1%) lived in rental housing units.

As of the census of 2000, there were 96,178 people, 30,870 households, and 24,016 families residing in the city. The population density was 986.3/km² (2,554.2/mi). There were 31,792 housing units at an average density of 326.0/km² (844.3/mi). The racial makeup of the city was 56.21% White, 15.02% Black or African American, 0.77% Native American, 10.89% Asian, 0.93% Pacific Islander, 8.77% from other races, and 7.41% from two or more races. 18.77% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 30,870 households, out of which 43.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.33.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.8% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $51,151, and the median income for a family was $55,503. Males had a median income of $38,544 versus $30,616 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,617. 9.3% of the population and 7.1% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 12.1% of those under the age of 18 and 5.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Fairfield has a diversified economy, with government, manufacturing, healthcare, retail, professional and commercial construction sectors. Anheuser-Busch operates a large regional Budweiser brewery, Clorox produces bleach products, and the Jelly Belly Candy Company confects its jelly beans in Fairfield. Partnership HealthPlan of California, an insurer, is based in Fairfield.

According to the City's 2021-2022 Popular Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Prior to 2020, there were five city councilmembers, which include the Vice-Mayor and Mayor. Councilmembers are elected at large for four-year, staggered terms. Elections are held in November of even-numbered years. Beginning in November 2020, city council elections in Fairfield were conducted by district, with six district seats and an at-large mayoral seat for a total of seven council seats.

As of September 2022, there were 63,897 registered voters in Fairfield; of these, 32,104 (50.2%) are Democrats, 12,810 (20.0%) are Republicans, and 14,808 (23.2%) stated no party preference.

Fairfield is served by two school districts: the Fairfield-Suisun Unified School District and Travis Unified School District. The city is also served by a community college district, private schools, and colleges.

The Fairfield-Suisun Unified School District (FSUSD) includes the following campuses:

Area elementary schools

Area alternative schools and other programs

The Travis Unified School District (TUSD), which serves Travis Air Force Base (TAFB) and parts of Fairfield and Vacaville, includes the following campuses:

The Solano County Office of Education (SCOE) offers the following programs:

Private institutions with campuses in Fairfield include:

The main Solano Community College campus is located just outside of Fairfield City limits.

Other colleges and universities nearby include:

Downtown Fairfield offers shopping, community festivals, and entertainment.

The city's libraries are operated by Solano County Library. The Fairfield Civic Center Library is located north of downtown along Civic Center Drive. The Fairfield Cordelia Library, which is located along Business Center Drive, services the Green Valley and Cordelia neighborhoods. A third library is currently planned to be located within northeast Fairfield.

The City holds an annual Tomato and Vine Festival, which is held in downtown Fairfield. Other special events include celebrations for 4th of July and Día de los Muertos.

The City Council appoints a Poet Laureate every two years. The Poet Laureate's role is to advocate for poetry and the advancement of literary arts in the community.

Rockville Hills Regional Park

The Park is located on Rockville Road approximately 3/4 of a mile from the corner of Suisun Valley Road and Rockville Road. The park allows bicycling, hiking, and provides walking trails.

Linear Park Trail

The Linear Park Trail stretches through the city along a former railroad right-of-way, beginning at Solano College and terminating near Lake Trail. Picnic tables and play equipment can be found along the route. The park provides active transportation for pedestrians, cyclists, and other micromobility users (e.g. scooters).

In 2017, the City of Fairfield adopted the Central Fairfield Revitalization and Linear Park Concept Plan, which covers the area between the Rose Garden south of Travis Boulevard to the crossing at Dover Avenue. The Plan seeks to improve safety and circulation within the Trail and in surrounding neighborhoods while also enhancing wayfinding, amenities, and landscaping.

Allan Witt Community Park

Allan Witt Park is located along West Texas Street and Woolner Avenue within the Heart of Fairfield. The park serves as a major recreation facility for the city, including an Aquatics Complex, the Fairfield Sports Center, and the Fairfield-Suisun Rotary Skate Park. The new Aquatics Complex includes water slides, toddler play area, youth play pool, lap swimming, indoor activity pool, and a "lazy river" current for water walking or floating. The park also offers tennis courts, a recreation building, picnic area, ball fields, basketball courts, volleyball courts, a skate park, and horse shoe pits. Restroom facilities are available.

In 2018, the City of Fairfield adopted the Allan Witt Community Park Renovation Plan. The Plan seeks to improve safety, security, and circulation within the park while also enhancing the park's existing amenities and programming. Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the plan are already completed, which renovated the existing skate park and added a new dog park. Phase 3 of the plan will construct a new, all-inclusive play area for users of all abilities. Phase 4 will construct two new fenced softball fields. The remaining phases include a new community gathering area, an artificial sports field, sport courts, and new little league fields.

Cordelia Community Park is located along Gold Hill Road within the Cordelia neighborhood. Similar to other community parks in the city, the park serves as the Cordelia area's main recreation facility. Amenities include a dog park, fitness stations, picnic areas, Little League fields, a playground, tennis and volleyball courts, a skate park, and fields. Restroom facilities are available.

Laurel Creek Community Park is located along Cement Hill Road within central Fairfield. Like other community parks, Laurel Creek is the surrounding area's main recreation facility. Amenities include ballfields, fitness stations, picnic areas, a playground, soccer fields, and a neighborhood center. Restroom facilities are available.

Matt Garcia Community Park is a planned, new 50-acre park to be located along Vanden Road in northeast Fairfield. The proposed park would be located at the northern City limits, approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) away from the Fairfield-Vacaville Hannigan Train Station.

The City is working with Gates + Associates to develop a master plan for the park, a draft of which is expected for release in Spring 2023.

The city also has a number of neighborhood parks, as listed below:

Fairfield is home to three golf courses, two public and one private (located in unincorporated area east of Fairfield, north of TAFB for use by military personnel). Paradise Valley and Rancho Solano Golf Courses, both public, are rated in the Zagat Survey of "America's Best Golf Courses," rated 3+1⁄2 stars by Golf Digest Magazine in 2010 and voted #1 and #2 golf courses in Solano County for consecutive years.

Interstate 80 passes through Fairfield, connecting San Francisco to the southwest and Sacramento to the northeast. Interstate 680 begins its journey south through the eastern cities of the Bay Area to San Jose. State Route 12 connects Fairfield with Napa to the west, and Rio Vista to the east.

The Fairfield-Vacaville Hannigan railroad station located east of Peabody Road serves the communities of Fairfield, Suisun City, and Vacaville. The station opened in November 2017. The station is served by Capitol Corridor trains operated by Amtrak California. Additionally, the Suisun-Fairfield station, located adjacent to downtown Fairfield in neighboring Suisun City, serves the central Solano area. Greyhound utilizes this station for service to the Fairfield-Suisun area as well.

The Fairfield Transportation Center, located along West Texas Street and adjacent to Interstate 80, is the main hub for commuters via bus as well as vanpools and park-and-ride to the Sacramento area and the San Francisco Bay Area. Fairfield and Suisun Transit (FAST) provides local bus service. SolanoExpress, which is operated by SolTrans, provides intercity connections to Vacaville, Vallejo, Davis, El Cerrito del Norte BART, Walnut Creek BART, and Sacramento. The VINE and Rio Vista Delta Breeze also provide connections to Napa and Rio Vista respectively.